Daily Journal Digest — 2026-06-18¶
過去 24 小時新增：Transplant ID × 26、One Health × 12、Food Security × 13，共 51 篇。
⭐ 今日亮點¶
- Harnessing next-generation microbial diagnostics to optimize infection management in immunocompromised hosts
免疫低下診斷框架最值得讀 - Zoonotic tuberculosis: When diagnostic and surveillance systems are not designed to detect it
One Health診斷盲點很大 - DEFINING THE THRESHOLD DURATION OF CANDIDEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH POOR OUTCOMES: REDEFINING PERSISTENT CANDIDEMIA
candidemia清除門檻可改變處置
🔬 深入評讀¶
Harnessing next-generation microbial diagnostics to optimize infection management in immunocompromised hosts¶
Curr Opin Infect Dis | DOI
- 設計：這是1篇針對 immunocompromised hosts 的 narrative review，整理 NGS 在傳統微生物檢驗陰性、polymicrobial infection、非典型感染中的臨床證據。文章重點不是單一檢驗技術，而是把診斷流程、bioinformatics、成本與臨床決策整合成1個導入框架。
- 樣本：樣本不是1個固定cohort；證據來源橫跨 case reports、case series 與多項 retrospective observational studies，因此沒有統一n、比較組或追蹤時間。這種設計的價值在於廣度，限制則是無法提供1個可直接套用的 pooled sensitivity 或 outcome estimate。
- 關鍵數字：作者指出 NGS 在部分 retrospective studies 的 pathogen detection rate 與 sensitivity 高於 conventional diagnostics，但對 Aspergillus 與 Mycobacterial species 表現仍有限；效應方向一致但數字異質性大，臨床impact不能視為穩健定論。最重要的訊息是 NGS 對「傳統檢驗找不到、病人又高風險」的情境最有邊際效益，而不是取代所有第1線檢驗。
- Limitation：主要限制是 narrative review 本身沒有系統性 pooled analysis，且原始研究多為 retrospective、selection bias 明顯，通常只送檢最困難的病例。另一個問題是診斷真偽常未經 adjudication，NGS陽性可能代表 colonization、contamination 或非致病訊號。
- Bottom line：對 transplant、HSCT、血液腫瘤與重症免疫低下病人，NGS 應定位為第2線到第3線的整合型診斷工具，尤其適合傳統檢驗陰性但臨床仍高度懷疑感染的病例。
Zoonotic tuberculosis: When diagnostic and surveillance systems are not designed to detect it¶
One Health | IF 5.7 | DOI
- 設計：這是1篇以巴西為例的 One Health diagnostic and surveillance perspective，結合2013–2024年通報資料、文獻病例與現行診斷流程分析。問題意識清楚：zoonotic TB 不是只因為少見才少被發現，而是因為系統設計本來就不主動找它。
- 樣本：巴西在2013–2024年官方僅通報2例 human zoonotic TB，文獻中另有6例；作者同時討論 mono-pyrazinamide resistance 作為可能漏診線索。沒有傳統比較組或追蹤時間，重點是 surveillance denominator 幾乎不存在。
- 關鍵數字：關鍵數字是12年間僅2例通報、文獻僅6例，這與 endemic bovine TB 的背景明顯不相稱，提示低偵測率很可能不是低發生率。效應量不是OR或HR，而是 surveillance gap 的量級：若診斷流程不區分 Mycobacterium bovis，職業、食物與動物接觸相關傳播會被系統性忽略。
- Limitation：限制在於這不是 incidence study，不能估算巴西 zTB 的真實盛行率，也無法證明每一例 mono-pyrazinamide resistance 都是 zoonotic TB。通報資料、文獻病例與地方計畫都有 under-ascertainment 與 publication bias。
- Bottom line：TB elimination 若只靠 human-centric diagnostics，會把 zTB 排除在視野之外；高風險職業、未消毒乳製品暴露與動物接觸史應觸發 species-level identification 與 One Health 通報。
DEFINING THE THRESHOLD DURATION OF CANDIDEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH POOR OUTCOMES: REDEFINING PERSISTENT CANDIDEMIA¶
J Infect | DOI
- 設計：這是單中心 retrospective study，評估 candidemia 持續陽性血液培養的最早預後門檻，主要結局為30天死亡率。作者分別用 follow-up positive blood cultures（FUPBC）與 active antifungal therapy 後陽性（FUPBC-ATF）建立 cutoffs，並以 multivariable logistic regression 校正共變項。
- 樣本：共納入493例 candidemia，追蹤到30天死亡；比較組是低於與高於不同持續陽性天數門檻的病人。這個樣本數對 candidemia 預後研究算中等偏大，但仍是1個中心的照護流程與抽血頻率。
- 關鍵數字：最早與30天死亡率上升相關的門檻是 FUPBC ≥2天，死亡率37.9% vs 20.3%（p=0.001）；若以 active antifungal 後計算，FUPBC-ATF ≥1天死亡率33.4% vs 20.3%（p=0.026）。這個效應量臨床上不小，幾乎把傳統≥5天 persistent candidemia 的警報提前了3–4天。
- Limitation：主要限制是 retrospective 設計，抽 follow-up blood culture 的時機可能受病情嚴重度影響，會有 confounding by indication。source control、catheter removal、antifungal 適當性與 abdominal source 等因素雖有調整，但仍可能殘留 confounding，也不能排除 immortal-time 或 surveillance bias。
- Bottom line：candidemia 治療後若血液培養第1–2天仍陽性，就應視為高風險訊號，提早重新檢查 source control、抗黴菌藥活性、眼底與深部感染，而不必等到第5天才升級處置。
🔴 Transplant & Opportunistic Infections¶
A large-scale retrospective analysis reveals the fungal pathogen spectrum across diverse clinical specimens using metagenomic next-generation sequencing¶
Authors: Zhang S et al. | Journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1779223
TL;DR: 中國單中心11,161份mNGS報告中，BAL fungal檢出率36.85%最高；Candida為主、CSF以Aspergillus為主，年長男性風險較高，68.28%合併細菌檢出。
嘻嘻：mNGS把真菌地圖攤開，臨床腦袋比較不打結。
Epidemiology of source-related candidaemia and breakthrough candidaemia in intensive care units¶
Authors: Şişman AS et al. | Journal: BMC Infect Dis | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-026-13830-5
TL;DR: ICU 141例candidaemia中，來源以primary 39%、腹腔37%、CVC 23%為主；14與28天死亡率不因來源而異，breakthrough candidaemia在腹腔來源與高APACHE-II較常見。
不嘻嘻：ICU的Candida還是很會找空隙鑽，老同事了。
Mucormycosis: A life-threatening invasive fungal infection¶
Authors: Bartegi I et al. | Journal: Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis | Date: 2026 Jun 10
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117510
TL;DR: 23例mucormycosis中82.6%有diabetes mellitus、91.3%為rhino-orbito-cerebral；全數用amphotericin B、69.6%手術，死亡率仍達30.4%。
不嘻嘻：mucormycosis一出手，外科和ID都得加班。
Harnessing next-generation microbial diagnostics to optimize infection management in immunocompromised hosts¶
Authors: Lee D et al. | Journal: Curr Opin Infect Dis | Date: 2026 Jun 18
DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001208
TL;DR: NGS可提升免疫低下者複雜、polymicrobial或非典型感染診斷，特別在傳統檢驗陰性時；但Aspergillus、Mycobacterial species表現有限，成本與bioinformatics仍阻礙常規化。
嘻嘻：NGS像手電筒，至少能照亮免疫低下的暗巷。
Pulmonary artery involvement contributes to the recurrence of hemoptysis after bronchial artery embolization in patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis¶
Authors: Chen Y et al. | Journal: J Thorac Dis | Date: 2026 May 31
DOI: 10.21037/jtd-2025-1-2725
TL;DR: 58例chronic pulmonary aspergillosis咳血接受BAE後，1年復發率39.7%；pulmonary artery involvement獨立預測復發，HR 3.43（95% CI 1.31–9.02）。
不嘻嘻：BAE後還會復發，肺血管真的很不配合。
Development and internal validation of a CT radiomics-based model for severity classification in HIV-associated Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia¶
Authors: Wang Y et al. | Journal: J Thorac Dis | Date: 2026 May 31
DOI: 10.21037/jtd-2026-1-0220
TL;DR: 96名HIV-associated PJP成人中，CT radiomics分辨中重症AUC訓練0.92、測試0.89，優於或接近clinical logistic model，但單中心小樣本需外部驗證。
嘻嘻：CT radiomics若站得住腳，PJP分級會省很多猜。
Biologic switching in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: a scoping review of published clinical experience¶
Authors: Hu Q et al. | Journal: J Thorac Dis | Date: 2026 May 31
DOI: 10.21037/jtd-2026-0641
TL;DR: ABPA biologic switching scoping review納入31篇、73人、108次switch；omalizumab轉anti-IL-5/IL-5R最常見，改善多為個案描述，無法判定最佳排序。
不嘻嘻：ABPA biologic換來換去，證據還在迷路。
Immunogenomic profiles of HIV-associated classic Hodgkin lymphoma from Malawi¶
Authors: Beck S et al. | Journal: Blood Glob Hematol | Date: 2025 Dec
DOI: 10.1016/j.bglo.2025.100020
TL;DR: 馬拉威HIV-associated cHL multiomic cohort顯示，HIV+ cHL tumor mutational burden較高；EBV與HIV皆改變tumor microenvironment，EBV+病例TCR clonality增加。
嘻嘻：HIV相關cHL的免疫圖譜，終於更有解析度。
Spectrum of central nervous system mycoses and antifungal susceptibility: a two-year retrospective analysis from a tertiary care hospital in India¶
Authors: Sudhaharan S et al. | Journal: Iran J Microbiol | Date: 2026 Jun
DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v18i3.21668
TL;DR: 印度2年僅9例CNS mycoses，腦膿瘍最常見；分離3株yeasts、6株molds，含Cryptococcus neoformans、Candida tropicalis、Aspergillus flavus等，死亡率44.4%。
不嘻嘻：CNS mycoses少見歸少見，碰到就很硬。
Clinical, Microbiological, and Outcome Characteristics of Pediatric Patients With Candidemia at the Pediatric Hospital of the National Medical Center Siglo XXI From 2022 to 2025¶
Authors: Montes García GA et al. | Journal: Cureus | Date: 2026 May
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.108978
TL;DR: 墨西哥兒童candidemia 42例中，CVC使用100%、抗生素92.9%；non-albicans Candida佔80.9%，Candida tropicalis最多，院內死亡率28.6%。
不嘻嘻：小兒candidemia仍是CVC時代的痛點。
HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Call for Action for New Treatment Options¶
Authors: Okurut S et al. | Journal: Therapeutics (Basel) | Date: 2026 Jun
DOI: 10.3390/therapeutics3020009
TL;DR: HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis住院死亡率19%；臨床試驗彙整顯示存活率由診斷後2週88.5%降至10週74%，凸顯現行療法仍不足。
不嘻嘻：cryptococcal meningitis還在提醒我們別太自滿。
Rezafungin and catheter-related candidemia: a new player in a high-stakes game¶
Authors: Venturini S et al. | Journal: Infez Med | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.53854/liim-3402-11
TL;DR: 義大利2院7例catheter-related candidemia以rezafungin作第7天consolidation；30與90天皆無復發、死亡或藥物不良事件，估計省28個住院床日。
嘻嘻：rezafungin若能少住院，病人和病房都鬆口氣。
Lessons learned from people-centred TB care and support interventions in the Russian Federation¶
Authors: Stavitskaya N et al. | Journal: IJTLD Open | Date: 2026 Jun
DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.25.0844
TL;DR: 俄羅斯西伯利亞與遠東20區回覆顯示，2018–2022年TB照護支持措施，尤其psychosocial interventions，與失聯及TB病例數下降相關，但監測資料仍不足。
嘻嘻：TB照護加上人味，可能真的能少掉隊。
Defining person-centred treatment support for multidrug-resistant TB: a discrete choice experiment¶
Authors: Kagujje M et al. | Journal: IJTLD Open | Date: 2026 Jun
DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.25.0825
TL;DR: 尚比亞99名MDR-TB患者的discrete choice experiment顯示，material support最受重視（RI 45.7%），偏好交通券加食物補助，並接受較低頻率門診。
嘻嘻：MDR-TB支持做對，治療才有機會走完。
Comparable outcomes with anti-thymocyte globulins versus basiliximab in kidney transplantation from controlled circulatory death donors¶
Authors: Deslais M et al. | Journal: Transpl Int | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.3389/ti.2026.15318
TL;DR: 158名低免疫風險DCD kidney transplant受者中，ATG與basiliximab在DGF、排斥、1年腎功能與graft survival相近；ATG增加EBV/BK viremia且費用高1.7倍。
不嘻嘻：ATG效果沒大贏，帳單和viremia倒是很誠實。
Systematic infectome-phenome profiling reveals cryptococcal infection-associated proteins driving immune system remodeling and immunization potential¶
Authors: Ball B et al. | Journal: iScience | Date: 2026 Jun 19
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.116263
TL;DR: infectome-phenome平台在Cryptococcus neoformans找出CipC，可改變extracellular vesicle組成並提升antigenicity；CipC-derived vesicles在小鼠誘發多元免疫反應。
嘻嘻：CipC讓Cryptococcus疫苗想像多了一扇門。
Infectious disease screening in rheumatological patients: a narrative review on methods, risk stratification and clinical management¶
Authors: Santoro F et al. | Journal: Expert Rev Clin Immunol | Date: 2026 Jun 17
DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2026.2691035
TL;DR: 風濕免疫患者用biologic或傳統免疫抑制前，感染篩檢與風險分層有助於prophylaxis、monitoring與治療決策；特定藥物風險與最佳篩檢流程仍缺證據。
不嘻嘻：biologic前篩檢很重要，但流程仍像拼圖。
Inhibitory effect of Acetylshikonin on drug-resistant Candida albicans¶
Authors: Xu Z et al. | Journal: Gut Pathog | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1186/s13099-026-00851-3
TL;DR: Acetylshikonin對drug-resistant Candida albicans在體外與小鼠vulvovaginal/oropharyngeal candidiasis皆有效，可能透過Mls1抑制glyoxylate cycle並累積ROS。
嘻嘻：Acetylshikonin打到抗藥性Candida，有點香。
Routine immunization uptake and timeliness in young children exposed to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A secondary analysis of the Tuberculosis Child Multidrug-Resistant Preventive Therapy multi-site randomised controlled trial¶
Authors: Patel F et al. | Journal: BMC Glob Public Health | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1186/s44263-026-00290-x
TL;DR: 南非TB-CHAMP次分析納入814名MDR-TB暴露幼兒，EPI涵蓋率多數>80%，但兩劑measles僅70.6%、11.3%完全未接種，延遲隨年齡增加。
不嘻嘻：MDR-TB暴露幼兒沒補齊疫苗，防線先漏風。
Machine learning model based on clinical and imaging features for predicting fungal infections in children with leukemia¶
Authors: Ge P et al. | Journal: BMC Pediatr | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-026-07149-y
TL;DR: 247名leukemia兒童建模並以61人前瞻驗證，SVM結合臨床與影像特徵表現最佳，validation AUC 0.947、test AUC 0.879，優於3名radiologists。
嘻嘻：SVM幫leukemia兒童抓真菌，表現很亮眼。
Risk management plan adherence and clinical outcomes in patients receiving targeted therapies¶
Authors: Wang LF et al. | Journal: Clin Rheumatol | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1007/s10067-026-08152-5
TL;DR: 台灣南部1,078名bDMARD/tsDMARD使用者僅32.3%完成RMP；RMP與較低PJP（aOR 0.18）、MACE（0.30）及全死因死亡（0.21）相關。
嘻嘻：台灣RMP看來不是文書，是有臨床重量。
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Cytomegalovirus Disease Progression Among Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Exploratory Study¶
Authors: Cabanilla MG et al. | Journal: Transplant Proc | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2026.06.014
TL;DR: 31名kidney transplant後CMV viremia患者中，racial/ethnic minorities佔90.3%，進展至CMV syndrome或invasive disease者有92.3%為少數族群，需大型驗證。
不嘻嘻：CMV照出移植照護不平等，樣本小但刺眼。
Diagnosis of fungal respiratory infections in immunocompetent children¶
Authors: Lertamornkitti N et al. | Journal: Paediatr Respir Rev | Date: 2026 May 13
DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2026.05.001
TL;DR: 免疫正常兒童fungal respiratory infections少見且表現常亞急性，診斷重點在區分colonisation與infection；確認invasive fungal infection時應評估潛在免疫缺陷。
不嘻嘻：免疫正常兒童長真菌，先別急著說只是colonisation。
Trends and determinants of isoniazid preventive therapy initiation in antiretroviral therapy-treated HIV-positive adults in Tanzania Mainland 2015-2020: a retrospective observational study using medical records¶
Authors: Meela EB et al. | Journal: BMJ Open | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-107250
TL;DR: 坦尚尼亞124,846名ART治療HIV成人中，IPT啟動率由2015年52.7%升至2020年68.3%，累積僅59.8%；女性、health centre照護與2020年啟動ART較可能接受IPT。
不嘻嘻：IPT有進步但仍漏一截，TB預防不能只靠運氣。
Incidence, mortality and risk factors in COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA): an umbrella review and meta-meta-analyses (2020-2025)¶
Authors: Martínez de Victoria Carazo J et al. | Journal: Respir Med | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2026.108960
TL;DR: 2020–2025年CAPA umbrella review納入16篇，重症COVID-19 pooled incidence 11.3%、死亡率51.6%；CAPA使死亡風險增3倍，OR 3.08（95% CI 2.73–3.49）。
不嘻嘻：CAPA黏上重症COVID-19，預後立刻變臉。
DEFINING THE THRESHOLD DURATION OF CANDIDEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH POOR OUTCOMES: REDEFINING PERSISTENT CANDIDEMIA¶
Authors: Albanell-Fernández M et al. | Journal: J Infect | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106798
TL;DR: 493例candidemia中，follow-up blood culture陽性≥2天即與30天死亡率升高相關（37.9% vs 20.3%）；active antifungal後≥1天陽性亦增加死亡風險。
不嘻嘻：candidemia拖一天都嫌久，血培很會告狀。
🟢 One Health / Zoonoses¶
The microbiome in reptile health, disease, and ecology¶
Authors: Hoffbeck C et al. | Journal: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev | Date: 2026 Jun 17
DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00128-25
TL;DR: 爬蟲類microbiome回顧指出，研究已從salmonellosis與zoonoses擴展至皮膚、口腔、腸道、蛋殼與巢microbiome，並關注溫度壓力與保育應用。
嘻嘻：爬蟲microbiome從冷門變熱鬧，One Health有戲。
Plasmid-borne mcr-4.3 in Acinetobacter nosocomialis recovered from imported beef cattle: Genomic characterization and one health implications¶
Authors: Xu H et al. | Journal: One Health | Date: 2026 Jun
DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101466
TL;DR: 150頭澳洲輸入中國肉牛糞便中，54株Acinetobacter有1株A. nosocomialis帶plasmid-borne mcr-4.3；全球574株分析顯示ST279可能利於持續與跨境散播。
不嘻嘻：mcr跑進牛隻Acinetobacter，邊境也擋不住基因。
Zoonotic tuberculosis: When diagnostic and surveillance systems are not designed to detect it¶
Authors: Guimarães AMS et al. | Journal: One Health | Date: 2026 Jun
DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101463
TL;DR: 巴西2013–2024年僅通報2例human zoonotic TB、文獻6例；現行human-centric diagnostics未主動偵測zTB，可能漏掉職業、食物與動物相關傳播。
不嘻嘻：zoonotic TB不是少，是我們可能根本沒在看。
Herpes B virus and the neglected risk of zoonotic spillover¶
Authors: Kim Y et al. | Journal: One Health | Date: 2026 Jun
DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101459
TL;DR: 1932–2024年僅33例human B virus感染，多為實驗室職業暴露；2019–2022年國際活macaque交易逾17萬隻，wild-caught比例上升，檢疫規範落差大。
不嘻嘻：macaque貿易越熱，B virus風險越不能裝沒事。
High efficacy of an in-house antigen B ELISA for diagnosing human cystic echinococcosis compared with a commercial kit and a cell-free DNA assay¶
Authors: Hataminejad M et al. | Journal: Sci Rep | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-58120-x
TL;DR: 51例手術與CT確認CE及50名對照中，in-house 12-kDa AgB ELISA敏感度90.2%、特異度100%、AUC 0.936，與commercial ELISA及cfDNA-PCR高度一致。
嘻嘻：自製AgB ELISA表現漂亮，CE診斷多一把好刀。
Vaccination with live-attenuated Toxoplasma gondii mutants RHΔtkl1 and PruΔpp2a-c induces protective immunity in sheep¶
Authors: Wu ZX et al. | Journal: Parasit Vectors | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-026-07516-9
TL;DR: 綿羊接種live-attenuated Toxoplasma gondii RHΔtkl1或PruΔpp2a-c後，IgG快速上升，腦cysts與心臟parasite burden顯著下降；PruΔpp2a-c抑制cyst形成潛力較佳。
嘻嘻：Toxoplasma gondii減毒疫苗在羊身上露出曙光。
Study protocol on antimicrobial resistance burden, transmission dynamics, and therapeutic bacteriophages in livestock and exposed farming populations in Nagpur, India: An integrated One Health approach¶
Authors: Nayak AR et al. | Journal: PLoS One | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0350919
TL;DR: 印度那格浦爾36個月One Health protocol將追蹤畜牧、人員與環境AMR，並分離lytic bacteriophages；目標建立AMR isolates與phage biobank及傳播資料。
嘻嘻：AMR加phage biobank，One Health終於有工具箱。
Genotyping of Mycobacterium leprae in humans and six-banded armadillos suggest lack of inter-species transmission in Rio Grande do Norte, northeast Brazil¶
Authors: Ferreira JDS et al. | Journal: Acta Trop | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2026.108186
TL;DR: 巴西東北54名leprosy患者與20隻six-banded armadillos之M. leprae genotyping顯示，人類有地方傳播群，但armadillo VNTR型別不同，未支持跨物種傳播。
嘻嘻：M. leprae定型幫犰狳洗清一點嫌疑。
Syndromic surveillance in slaughterhouses: A scoping review¶
Authors: Quiroga-Robayo MA et al. | Journal: Prev Vet Med | Date: 2026 Jun 13
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106940
TL;DR: slaughterhouse syndromic surveillance scoping review納入1987–2024年34篇，主要來自歐洲與美洲、聚焦豬牛；具早期預警潛力，但分類、方法與驗證高度不一。
不嘻嘻：屠宰場監測有潛力，但標準化還很骨感。
Identification of Livestock Ticks and Molecular Characterization of Tick-Associated Microorganisms in Senegal¶
Authors: Diarra AZ et al. | Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.25-0330
TL;DR: 塞內加爾2023年家畜212隻ticks中36.8%帶至少一種微生物；Rickettsia spp.與Coxiella burnetii各7.4%，並確認多種zoonotic pathogens。
不嘻嘻：ticks身上訊號不少，畜牧現場不能只看牲口。
New insights into Salmonella virulence: Detection of spvB and spvR genes in avian and human isolates from northeastern Algeria¶
Authors: Kout A et al. | Journal: Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung | Date: 2026 Jun 17
DOI: 10.1556/030.2026.02914
TL;DR: 阿爾及利亞東北80株禽類與人類Salmonella isolates中，spvB檢出86.25%、spvR 73.75%；virulence genes與MDR共存，提示動物人類間高風險傳播。
不嘻嘻：Salmonella virulence遇上MDR，食安劇本更難看。
Efficacy of a bacteriophage cocktail in controlling Salmonella Enteritidis infection in broiler chickens¶
Authors: Wasam MZ et al. | Journal: Iran J Microbiol | Date: 2026 Jun
DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v18i3.21658
TL;DR: 168隻雛雞試驗中，SEPL01/13/20 bacteriophage cocktail可降低S. Enteritidis；預防性口服效果最佳，第3、7、14天log10 reduction為1.92、1.79、1.23。
嘻嘻：phage cocktail壓住S. Enteritidis，雞場有新招。
🟡 Food Security / Food Safety¶
Phylodynamics and Molecular Evolution of Hepatitis A Virus During the Years 1957-2021 in Japan¶
Authors: Shih YC et al. | Journal: J Med Virol | Date: 2026 Jun
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.71019
TL;DR: 日本1957–2021年HAV capsid序列顯示genotype IA為主且有5個clusters，兩個lineages持續逾20年；2010與2017族群高峰對應outbreak與國際MSM相關株。
嘻嘻：HAV演化史拉長看，outbreak脈絡更清楚。
From nature to threat: Natural toxins as emerging dual-use agents in chemical security¶
Authors: Kuca K | Journal: Food Chem Toxicol | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2026.116223
TL;DR: natural toxins如batrachotoxin、amatoxins與conotoxins急性毒性可接近chemical warfare agents，且缺特異解毒劑、常規毒物篩檢涵蓋不足，需強化偵測與管制。
不嘻嘻：natural toxins這題，毒物科也笑不太出來。
A Comprehensive Review of Glycation on Food Quality Involved Allergenicity Reduction and Functionality Improvement: Mechanisms, Influence Factor, Application, and Future Direction¶
Authors: Ren S et al. | Journal: J Agric Food Chem | Date: 2026 Jun 17
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6c05058
TL;DR: glycation可透過蛋白聚集與結構改變遮蔽或破壞epitopes，降低big nine食物過敏原性；同時可能改善foaming、emulsifying與抗氧化功能，但仍需臨床驗證。
嘻嘻：glycation若能降過敏原，食品科技會很好玩。
Explainable CNN framework for accurate crop disease detection using plant leaf images¶
Authors: Ray A et al. | Journal: Sci Rep | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-56868-w
TL;DR: PlantVillage 54,305張葉片影像上，輕量化explainable CNN測試準確率97.63%、Macro-F1 0.867、Micro-ROC-AUC 0.99，Grad-CAM提升病灶判讀性。
嘻嘻：explainable CNN看葉病，農業診斷也有顯微鏡感。
Sustainable intensive agriculture as key player in ensuring food security and mitigating atmospheric CO2 growth¶
Authors: Mariani L et al. | Journal: Sci Rep | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-58182-x
TL;DR: FAOSTAT估算2023年農業系統gross CO2 uptake 47.64 Gt，作物21.87 Gt；2050累積排放以sustainable intensification最低（163.51 Gt CO2e）。
嘻嘻：農業減碳不只口號，模型至少給了方向。
Non-traumatic necrotizing fasciitis caused by Bacillus cereus in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report and proposed gastrointestinal-to-hematogenous pathway¶
Authors: Liu Y et al. | Journal: BMC Infect Dis | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-026-13827-0
TL;DR: 10歲ALL男童化療後neutropenia期間，食後腸胃症狀迅速進展為無外傷necrotizing fasciitis與septic shock，血液與組織皆長Bacillus cereus，分期清創後恢復。
不嘻嘻：Bacillus cereus在neutropenia裡完全不客氣。
Microbiological Risks in Sauces and Dressings: A Review¶
Authors: Yoon S et al. | Journal: J Food Prot | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100839
TL;DR: sauces與dressings雖常因酸度、防腐劑、低water activity被視為低風險，仍有outbreak與recall；風險隨配方與製程而異，pathogenic bacteria為主要公衛焦點。
不嘻嘻：醬料不是酸就沒事，冰箱門默默發抖。
Food Additive Use in Packaged Foods in Zimbabwe: A Market-Based Survey to Inform Risk-Based Food Safety Control¶
Authors: Macheka L et al. | Journal: J Food Prot | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100841
TL;DR: 辛巴威332項包裝食品調查顯示，64.2%為本地製造；添加物集中於飲料、零食、乳製品與加工肉品，提示需強化risk-based監測與標示。
不嘻嘻：添加物監測若跟不上，標示就只剩安慰感。
Characterization of Virulence Factors, Biofilm Production, and Antimicrobial Resistance in Mastitis-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Strains by Phenotypic and Genotypic Methods¶
Authors: Sarkar R et al. | Journal: Foodborne Pathog Dis | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1177/15353141261460684
TL;DR: 印度120份牛乳中分離36株S. aureus，97.22%可形成biofilm、72.22%為MDR、83.33%為MRSA；多重virulence、biofilm與efflux pump genes並存。
不嘻嘻：牛乳裡的MRSA加biofilm，乳房炎很會升級。
Genetic Diversity, Virulence Profiles, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacillus cereus Group Isolates from Foods in Eastern China¶
Authors: Chang Z et al. | Journal: J Food Prot | Date: 2026 Jun 15
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100837
TL;DR: 中國東部校園餐飲食品35株Bacillus cereus group中，nhe 100%、hbl 71.4%、cytK 80.0%，ces 8.6%；ST26 emetic clone與多類AMR genes提示食安風險。
不嘻嘻：校園食品抓到Bacillus cereus風險，午餐不輕鬆。
Impact of sequencing read quality on whole-genome sequencing outcomes for foodborne pathogens using a BacWORK standardized analysis workflow¶
Authors: Felten A et al. | Journal: Bioinform Adv | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.1093/bioadv/vbag130
TL;DR: 以11種foodborne pathogens模擬WGS資料顯示，低coverage會使assembly破碎並影響typing；5–10% contamination即可改變Salmonella enterica cgMLST clustering與outbreak判讀。
不嘻嘻：WGS品質一歪，outbreak判讀就跟著歪。
Innovative multi-epitope vaccine engineering for dual protection against Salmonella and Shigella leveraging FliC flagellin protein adjuvant properties: an immunoinformatics-based approach¶
Authors: Afshari E et al. | Journal: J Transl Med | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-026-08386-6
TL;DR: immunoinformatics設計以FliC為scaffold與TLR5 adjuvant的FMEC，整合Salmonella與Shigella 6個virulence factors epitopes；模擬顯示免疫原性佳但需in vivo驗證。
嘻嘻：immunoinformatics疫苗設計很炫，下一關是活體。
Computationally guided design of molecularly imprinted polymers for electrochemical biosensing interfaces¶
Authors: Şahin K et al. | Journal: J Microbiol Methods | Date: 2026 Jun 16
DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2026.107596
TL;DR: computationally guided MIP可用molecular docking、DFT與molecular dynamics最佳化template-monomer interactions，提升foodborne pathogens electrochemical biosensors的敏感度、選擇性與穩定性。
嘻嘻：MIP biosensor靠計算加持，食媒病原偵測更精準。
資料來源：PubMed (articles retrieved 2026-06-18)