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Daily Journal Digest — 2026-05-21

過去 24 小時新增：Transplant ID × 19、One Health × 10、Food Security × 11，共 40 篇。

⭐ 今日亮點

🔴 Transplant & Opportunistic Infections

Early adjunct anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy improves outcomes and restores infection-induced immune paralysis in mice with invasive pulmonary mucormycosis

Authors: Wurster S et al. | Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | Date: 2026-05-20
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2512042123
TL;DR: IPM 小鼠模型早期給 anti-PD-L1 可逆轉 T 細胞耗竭、改善存活；ICI 用於侵襲性黴菌感染的時機是關鍵。

嘻嘻：ICI 進到感染病房，老鼠先別高興太早，臨床試驗等等。

Immune interaction betweenand non-tuberculous mycobacteria

Authors: Namie H et al. | Journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol | Date: 2026-05-04
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1810773
TL;DR: NTM 培養上清液增強 Aspergillus 生物膜並抑制巨噬細胞吞噬，解釋 NTM-PD 患者常併發慢性肺 aspergillosis。

不嘻嘻：NTM-PD 病人又多一條被黴菌攻擊的路徑，雪上加霜。

Ergosterol-depleted clinical isolates ofcan develop multi-drug resistance without severe fitness defects or attenuated virulence in an invertebrate infection model

Authors: Aldejohann AM et al. | Journal: mBio | Date: 2026-05-20
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02731-25
TL;DR: ergosterol 缺乏型 Candida 臨床分離株對 amphotericin B 與 anidulafungin 多重抗藥但 fitness 無顯著缺陷。

不嘻嘻：amphotericin B 是最後堡壘，被攻破而且毫無代價，更難辦。

ICU-specific determinants of mortality in critically ill patients with infective endocarditis : Mortality predictors in ICU patients with infective endocarditis

Authors: Kuzukiran Kocatas D et al. | Journal: BMC Infect Dis | Date: 2026-05-19
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-026-13338-y
TL;DR: ICU 收治的 infective endocarditis 死亡率仍高，本研究提出可早期辨識死亡風險的臨床與實驗室預測因子。

不嘻嘻：IE 進 ICU 死亡率還是難看，找預測因子也只是治標。

Adjunctive linezolid in patients with tuberculous meningitis for the prevention of mortality or neurologic disability: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Authors: Lino GM et al. | Journal: BMC Infect Dis | Date: 2026-05-19
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-026-13604-z
TL;DR: linezolid 加入 tuberculous meningitis 標準治療有 92% 機率每 100 人減 1 死,NNT=6;但證據等級偏低。

嘻嘻：低度證據下 NNT=6 還是值得試,TB 腦膜炎多一個武器。

Whole-genome sequencing suggests recent transmission of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in Botswana

Authors: Mogashoa T et al. | Journal: BMC Infect Dis | Date: 2026-05-19
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-026-13137-5
TL;DR: 波札那 195 株 rifampicin-resistant TB 全基因組顯示 lineage 4 群聚傳播,女性與此 lineage 為群聚風險因子。

不嘻嘻：RR-TB 在波札那繼續傳，WGS 看得清楚卻擋不住。

Durable viral suppression in the dolutegravir era: a data-enabled, risk-stratified model for integrated HIV care in Uganda

Authors: Namaganda MM et al. | Journal: Front Public Health | Date: 2026-05-04
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1794681
TL;DR: Uganda 5.4 萬 HIV cohort 雖 dolutegravir 普及,仍 6.4% 病毒未抑制,提案 EHR 觸發式風險分層追蹤模式。

嘻嘻：DTG 時代仍有破口,EHR 觸發式追蹤聽起來可行,95-95-95 加油。

Altered Pharmacokinetics and Delayed Sputum Conversion in Tuberculosis Patients Co-Infected With HIV

Authors: Phyo AP et al. | Journal: Trop Med Int Health | Date: 2026-05-19
DOI: 10.1111/tmi.70165
TL;DR: HIV 共感染降低 isoniazid 與 ethambutol 清除率且 sputum conversion 延後,但 Week 6 後 PK 差異消失,不需調整劑量。

嘻嘻：PK 差異 Week 6 後消失,至少不必煩劑量調整。

Detection of Pneumocystis Jirovecii in Immunocompetent Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

Authors: Liao SS et al. | Journal: Clin Lab | Date: 2026-May 01
DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2025.250215
TL;DR: 廣東 117 名免疫健全兒童下呼吸道感染 BALF tNGS 發現 15.4% 帶 Pneumocystis jirovecii,年齡偏小。

嘻嘻：免疫健全兒童也驗出 P. jirovecii,臨床思維要更新。

Authors: Zhang W et al. | Journal: Int J Med Sci | Date: 2026-05-11
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.127803
TL;DR: hyperbaric oxygen therapy 作為輔助療法可改善糖尿病足、壞死性軟組織感染、COVID-19 與 mucormycosis,待 RCT 標準化。

嘻嘻：老治療有新適應症,期待 RCT 把高壓氧扶正。

Predictive biomarkers and preventive strategies for PTLD: a turning point in viro-immunologic precision medicine?

Authors: Caillard S et al. | Journal: Transpl Int | Date: 2026-05-04
DOI: 10.3389/ti.2026.16305
TL;DR: PTLD 新興 biomarkers(soluble ZEBRA、EBV DNA 甲基化、LMP1 變異、ctDNA)可補足傳統 EBV viral load 監測之盲點。

嘻嘻：PTLD 終於要從單一 EBV viral load 進到多 marker 精準時代。

Infective Endocarditis With Brain Abscesses in a Lung Transplant Recipient: Review of the Literature and Evaluating the Use of Next-Generation Sequencing

Authors: Wong E et al. | Journal: Case Rep Infect Dis | Date: 2026-05-17
DOI: 10.1155/crdi/8041837
TL;DR: 肺移植受者侵襲性黴菌心內膜炎合併腦膿瘍,CSF mNGS 陰性,最終由血漿 cfDNA(Karius)確診。

嘻嘻：cfDNA 補上 mNGS 陰性的盲點,Karius 再立一功。

Qualified prediction system for allograft failure in real world settings: extended validation study

Authors: Raynaud M et al. | Journal: BMJ Med | Date: 2026-05-11
DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2025-002088
TL;DR: iBox 腎移植存活預測模型在 12,683 名跨洲受者外部驗證表現穩定,支持臨床試驗與實務廣泛應用。

嘻嘻：iBox 通過跨洲外部驗證,腎移植預測終於有可靠工具。

Sensing the host atmosphere: carbon dioxide regulates virulence and drug response in medically relevant fungi

Authors: Mello TP et al. | Journal: Med Gas Res | Date: 2026-05-19
DOI: 10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-26-00038
TL;DR: 宿主組織 5% CO2 為 Candida albicans yeast-to-hypha 轉換與 biofilm 形成的訊號分子,亦影響抗黴菌藥敏感性。

嘻嘻：CO2 不只廢氣,還是 Candida 的「我在哪裡」訊號,有趣。

Surveillance biopsy detects nearly half of early rejections in living donor kidney transplants: an observational study from Nepal

Authors: Kafle MP et al. | Journal: BMC Nephrol | Date: 2026-05-19
DOI: 10.1186/s12882-026-05043-4
TL;DR: 尼泊爾活體腎移植 6 個月後 protocol biopsy 偵測到近半早期排斥,支持發展中國家也值得執行。

嘻嘻：發展中國家做 protocol biopsy 仍值得,近半早期排斥被揪。

Genome comparison of the bacteria in Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) reveals the role of translational selection in shaping codon usage patterns

Authors: Banerjee A et al. | Journal: Mol Genet Genomics | Date: 2026-05-20
DOI: 10.1007/s00438-026-02447-7
TL;DR: 90 株 Mycobacterium avium complex 全基因組顯示 codon usage 受 translational selection 形塑,與致病性適應相關。

嘻嘻：codon usage 也能講 MAC 致病故事,演化生物學派對。

Case Report of a Solitary Brain Abscess due toin a Host Without Known Immunodeficiency

Authors: Wells L et al. | Journal: Case Rep Infect Dis | Date: 2026-05-17
DOI: 10.1155/crdi/3980803
TL;DR: 免疫健全病人單一 Nocardia 腦膿瘍以 8 週短療程治癒;提醒 opportunistic infection 也可發生於免疫健全者。

嘻嘻：免疫健全也會中 Nocardia 腦膿瘍,臨床思路別太自信。

Barriers and facilitators to implementing an integrated electronic health records system to improve tuberculosis preventive treatment among people living with HIV: a content analysis study from Georgia

Authors: Buziashvili M et al. | Journal: Front Digit Health | Date: 2026-05-04
DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2026.1754076
TL;DR: Georgia TB-HIV 整合 EHR 系統實施障礙來自隱私顧慮、法規限制與資源不足,需階段性推動與利害關係人參與。

不嘻嘻：HIV-TB 整合 EHR 卡關，老問題沒新答案。

Knowledge, Perceptions, and Practices Regarding Pediatric Tuberculosis: Cross-Sectional Study Among Guardians and Health Care Providers in Kabondo Dianda Health Zone, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Authors: Diur Yav J et al. | Journal: JMIR Pediatr Parent | Date: 2026-05-19
DOI: 10.2196/86657
TL;DR: 剛果民主共和國農村兒童 TB 監護人 29% 歸因於超自然、52% 認為家畜為媒介;診斷延遲與基層認知不足相關。

不嘻嘻：剛果家長以為 TB 是家畜傳的，公衛教育路漫漫。

🟢 One Health / Zoonoses

Authors: Singh SK | Journal: PLoS Pathog | Date: 2026-05-20
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1014226
TL;DR: 印度 Nipah virus 屬 Bangladesh clade,蝙蝠直接外溢人類、家戶內傳播且高致死;西孟加拉 2026 年新報案警示。

不嘻嘻：NiV 一再外溢,每次都高致死,準備一直在追趕。

Authors: Maireyamuguli N et al. | Journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol | Date: 2026-05-04
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1804158
TL;DR: 2000-2025 年氣候變遷與寄生蟲病文獻 7,303 篇,年成長 13.1%;美、中、印領跑,國際合作率 40.5%。

嘻嘻：氣候變遷×寄生蟲文獻年增 13%,這個交叉領域熱起來。

Whole-genome characterization of clinical Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates reveals mecA-positive E. faecalis and a shared lnu(A)-rep7a resistance plasmid in Türkiye

Authors: Ejder N et al. | Journal: BMC Microbiol | Date: 2026-05-20
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-026-05177-3
TL;DR: Türkiye 臨床 E. faecalis 帶有 mecA 與 lnu(A)-rep7a 共享質體,提示葡萄球菌-腸球菌間 AMR 跨屬轉移。

不嘻嘻：mecA 跑到 Enterococcus,AMR 跨屬移動讓人頭大。

MneA and TerC exhibit distinct roles in manganese detoxification and virulence in

Authors: Zheng C et al. | Journal: Appl Environ Microbiol | Date: 2026-05-20
DOI: 10.1128/aem.01754-25
TL;DR: 嗜水氣單胞菌 MneA 與 TerC 共同負責錳解毒與毒性,雙突變對錳壓力最敏感,提示新治療標靶。

嘻嘻：Aeromonas 錳解毒機制揭曉,治標也許有新靶點。

A stochastic single-cell based framework for MIC determination

Authors: Papagianeli SD et al. | Journal: J Appl Microbiol | Date: 2026-05-20
DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxag120
TL;DR: 以 time-lapse 顯微鏡結合機率模型描述 E. coli 對 gentamicin 反應之單細胞變異,重新詮釋 MIC 概念。

嘻嘻：單細胞版的 MIC 框架,微生物學家也要學 Bayesian。

First Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Wastewater in Costa Rica

Authors: Mendoza-Guido B et al. | Journal: Food Environ Virol | Date: 2026-05-20
DOI: 10.1007/s12560-026-09696-0
TL;DR: Costa Rica 污水首次偵測 HEV,序列接近 genotype 3,提示中美洲存在人畜共通 HEV 循環。

不嘻嘻：HEV 在哥斯大黎加污水現蹤,中美洲監測缺口又一個。

Marine bioactive compounds in the management of zoonotic parasitic diseases: public health ramifications, mechanisms, and translational prospects

Authors: Narayanan M | Journal: Microb Pathog | Date: 2026-05-18
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2026.108574
TL;DR: 海洋天然化合物對 Entamoeba、Giardia、Microsporidia、Trichomonas 等寄生蟲展現抗原蟲活性,藥代與安全仍待研究。

嘻嘻：海洋天然物對抗寄生蟲多了候選分子,期待從海洋走到病房。

Parasite exosomes-derived circulating sja-miR-61 and sja-miR-7-5p as Novel biomarkers for the detection of Schistosoma japonicum infection using TaqMan real-time PCR

Authors: Zhang XY et al. | Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis | Date: 2026-05-20
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0014368
TL;DR: parasite-derived exosome 中 sja-miR-61 與 sja-miR-7-5p 可作 Schistosoma japonicum TaqMan PCR 早期診斷標記。

嘻嘻：寄生蟲外泌體 miRNA 當 biomarker,血吸蟲診斷有新招。

First Molecular Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype I in Culex Mosquitoes from Assam, Northeast India

Authors: Kumar S et al. | Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg | Date: 2026-05-19
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.26-0066
TL;DR: 印度 Assam Culex tritaeniorhynchus 首次分子確認 JEV genotype I 流行,需強化媒介監測與 One Health 整合。

不嘻嘻：JEV genotype I 跑到 Assam,疫苗涵蓋追得上嗎？

Global molecular diversity of the zoonotic tapeworm Spirometra mansoni (Cobbold, 1883) (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea)

Authors: Edila R et al. | Journal: Parasitol Int | Date: 2026-05-18
DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2026.103299
TL;DR: Spirometra mansoni 亞洲與北美 haplotype 共享,歐洲為低多樣性分支;完整 cox1 才能正確刻劃多樣性。

嘻嘻：cox1 短片段被打臉,寄生蟲族群遺傳要拿完整序列。

🟡 Food Security / Food Safety

Gadolinium vanadate nanostructure-engineered screen-printed gold electrodes for the electrochemical monitoring of Tert-butylhydroquinone in food samples

Authors: Priscilla JD et al. | Journal: Food Chem | Date: 2026-05-16
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.149584
TL;DR: GdVO 奈米結構修飾金電極對食品防腐劑 TBHQ 線性偵測下限 0.19 nM,提供高敏感監測法。

嘻嘻：奈米感測器把 TBHQ 偵測下限再壓低,食安加值。

A hierarchical Bayesian approach to estimate the most probable number (MPN) concentration of Salmonella in raw chicken from qualitative data

Authors: Sun T et al. | Journal: Int J Food Microbiol | Date: 2026-05-15
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111848
TL;DR: 階層 Bayesian MPN 模型由定性資料估算雞肉 Salmonella 濃度,處理零膨脹與審查資料更精確。

嘻嘻：Bayesian 救援審查資料,雞肉 Salmonella QMRA 更接地氣。

Harmonised dataset for decomposing and matching food items in dietary data for high-resolution modelling

Authors: Frehner A et al. | Journal: Sci Data | Date: 2026-05-19
DOI: 10.1038/s41597-026-07448-0
TL;DR: 將歐洲 FoodEx2 飲食資料分解為農產品成分並對接 LCA 資料庫,支援食品供應鏈環境衝擊模型化。

嘻嘻：終於有公開資料能把食物拆回原料對 LCA,方便很多。

High-quality draft genome of the Listeria monocytogenes, one more vaccine strain against livestock listeriosis

Authors: Feodorova VA et al. | Journal: Sci Data | Date: 2026-05-19
DOI: 10.1038/s41597-026-07462-2
TL;DR: 公開兩株家畜 Listeria 弱毒疫苗 AUF 變異株高品質基因組,含 13 種 internalin 與 LIPI-1。

嘻嘻：家畜 Listeria 疫苗株基因組公開,人類疫苗的踏腳石。

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance proquinazid

Authors: Álvarez F et al. | Journal: EFSA J | Date: 2026-05-18
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2026.10063
TL;DR: EFSA 對 proquinazid 殺真菌劑同行評議列出穀類與葡萄使用之 risk assessment endpoints 與缺失資訊。

不嘻嘻：proquinazid 評議仍列多項缺失,安全評估漫漫。

AI-enhanced virtual laboratories improve learning outcomes and student engagement in food microbiology education

Authors: Ge Y et al. | Journal: Sci Rep | Date: 2026-05-19
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-54068-0
TL;DR: 128 名學生隨機分配,AI 虛擬實驗對食品微生物學學習成效與參與度優於傳統實驗,14 週成本顯著低。

嘻嘻：AI 虛擬實驗讓資源不足學校也能教,普惠教育典範。

Evaluation of detection performance and cost-effectiveness of IDEXX Colilert-18 and ChromAgar for environmental surveillance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamasein water samples from urban marketplaces in Blantyre, Malawi

Authors: Masoamphambe EF et al. | Journal: Microbiol Spectr | Date: 2026-05-20
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01695-25
TL;DR: Malawi 都市市場水樣 ESBL 偵測 Colilert-18 與 ChromAgar 相當,39% 陽性率;WHO Tricycle 監測可行。

嘻嘻：Colilert-18 跟 ChromAgar 打平,低資源 AMR 監測有解。

A novel cyclic antimicrobial peptide N1-7567 targets Campylobacter jejuni through membrane disruption and metabolic disruption

Authors: Zhang X et al. | Journal: Microb Pathog | Date: 2026-05-18
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2026.108570
TL;DR: 新型環狀抗菌胜肽 N1-7567(MIC 64 μg/mL)破壞 Campylobacter jejuni 膜並引發 ROS 與 ATP 洩漏。

嘻嘻：新環狀胜肽多管齊下打 Campylobacter,禽肉保存有新招。

Anti-biofilm properties of a plantaricin J-containing culture supernatant from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AV3: potential for inhibiting and reducing bacterial biofilms on food-contact surfaces

Authors: Pumpuang L et al. | Journal: J Food Prot | Date: 2026-05-18
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100815
TL;DR: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AV3 之 plantaricin J 對 Listeria monocytogenes MIC 0.003 mg/mL,抑制食品接觸面 biofilm。

嘻嘻：plantaricin J 對 Listeria 殺傷強到讓人意外,食安再添武器。

Use of quantitative indicator microorganism data to determine if turkey re-hang and post-chill sampling are predictive of Salmonella enterica contamination in ground turkey

Authors: Paredes MB et al. | Journal: J Food Prot | Date: 2026-05-18
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100816
TL;DR: 火雞 re-hang 與 post-chill 指標菌量對絞肉 Salmonella 污染預測力有限,僅可作製程控制粗略指標。

不嘻嘻：指標菌量預測有限,Salmonella 控制不能只靠製程指標。

Antimicrobial Efficacy and Food Application Potential of Bacteriocins LL3 and LL4 from Traditional Dairy-Derived Lactococcus lactis

Authors: Geng R et al. | Journal: J Dairy Sci | Date: 2026-05-18
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2026-28309
TL;DR: 內蒙古乳製品 Lactococcus lactis 衍生 LL3、LL4 bacteriocins 對 Salmonella Typhimurium 顯示與 Nisin 相當的牛奶保存力。

嘻嘻：內蒙乳製品挖出 LL4 bacteriocin,跟 Nisin 拼成熟商品潛力。

資料來源：PubMed (articles retrieved 2026-05-21)