| A-lines |
Horizontal, repetitive lines |
Normal lung aeration or pneumothorax |
| B-lines |
Vertical, hyperechoic laser-like artifacts |
Pulmonary edema, pneumonia, ILD, ARDS |
| Consolidation |
Tissue-like hypoechoic region |
Pneumonia, atelectasis, infarction |
| Pleural Effusion |
Anechoic or echogenic fluid collection |
Heart failure, infection, malignancy |
| Lung Sliding |
Pleural shimmering movement |
Absent in pneumothorax or adhesions |
| Shred Sign |
Irregular lung border |
Pneumonia-related consolidation |
| Lung Point |
Transition between sliding and no sliding |
Pneumothorax |